24 HR EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER:

(780) 992-7444

Industrial applications: Manufacture of chemicals.

Manufacture of synthetic fibers. Refrigerant. Cleaning solutions. Metals refining. Fertilizer manufacturing.

Section II. Hazardous Ingredients

Exposure Limits

TLV-
TWA
mg/m3

CEIL
mg/m3

% by
Weight

Ammonia

17

varius

TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ON INGREDIENTS

Anhydrous Ammonia:

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 3500 mg/kg (Rat.).

GAS (LC50): Acute: 5040 ppm (Mouse.) (1 hour(s)). 7650 ppm (Rat) (1 hour(s)).

Section III. Hazards Identification

POTENTIAL ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

Anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid is very corrosive to body tissues, reacting with body moisture on contact.

The odour threshold for ammonia is on average 17 PPM although the range of sensitivity ranges from 0.7 PPM to 50 PPM for acclimatized individuals. Generally, concentrations of up to 25 PPM are tolerated although unpleasant and pungent. Above this concentration, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat may begin. The extent of irritation increases with increasing ammonia concentration.

Eye and throat irritation is more pronounced between 100 and 400 PPM. Above 400 PPM, skin irritation is noticeable and immediate throat irritation and coughing will result. NIOSH has established 500 PPM as the concentration immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), which is defined as the concentration above which self-rescue may be difficult or impossible due to physiological effects. At concentrations between 1000 and 2500 PPM increasing chest tightness, brochospasm and severe eye and skin irritation will result. Delayed effects such as chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema may develop several hours after exposure. At concentrations above 2500 PPM, laryngeal spasm may occur resulting in rapid asphyxia. Effects may be more pronounced at lower concentrations in children, the elderly, and persons with impaired lung function.

Eyes:
Eye irritant. May cause severe eye irritation with corneal injury and permanent vision impairment.

Skin:
Skin irritant. Contact may cause severe skin irritation, chemical burns, and blistering. Contact with vaporizing liquid may cause frostbite due to rapid evaporative cooling. Cooling effect may mask the extent of corrosive injury received.

Inhalation:
Irritating to entire respiratory tract. Excessive overexposure may cause severe irritation to the upper respiratory tract and potential lung damage.

Ingestion:
Ingestion is not likely route of exposure due to the physical state of the substance (a compressed, liquefied gas).

Product is a liquified compressed gas. If liquid anhydrous ammonia has entered the mouth and throat, roll victim onto stomach and begin artificial respiration. Continue until victim is breathing. Seek immediate medical attention.

LOWER: 16%

UPPER: 25%

Corrosive gas. Fire fighters should wear SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS and full bunker gear. Cool containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion. Move containing vessels from fire if without risk. If anhydrous ammonia catches fire, stop flow of gas or liquid if it may be done safely. Use water spray or fog to extinguish flames and suppress vapors. Contain run-off water.

Corrosive gas. Material will autorefrigerate under accidental release presenting a cold dense heavier than air vapour cloud or fog. Warn personnel to move away. Keep unprotected personnel upwind of spill area. Evacuate any unprotected personnel who are downwind of spills. Consider an exclusion zone of 1500 metres around incident area. Incident Commander may adjust size of exclusion zone based on the circumstances of the emergency and analysis of the threat presented by the release. See Exposure Limits Section for Evacuation Guidelines.

Community Emergency Response Instructions:

• Stay indoors (unless evacuation has been called)
• Close all windows and doors
• Shut off furnace, exhaust fans, and air conditioners
• Wait for and follow advice from local police or authorities
• If smell is very strong, breath through a wet cloth

Eliminate all sources of ignition. DO NOT APPROACH LIQUID OR VAPOR CLOUD WITHOUT ENCAPSULATING SUIT AND SCBA. If possible, and personnel are protected by appropriate personal protective equipment, turn leaking container so that gas escapes rather than liquid, or isolate leak by shutting off supply of ammonia from containing vessel. If possible, apply patch or otherwise restrict size of leak. Use water fog to suppress airborne vapors from leak or spill. DO NOT DIRECT WATER INTO SPILLED LIQUID! ANHYDROUS AMMONIA WILL AUTOREFRIGERATE REDUCING VAPOR RELEASE. ADDITION OF WATER WILL WARM CRYOGENIC LIQUID RESULTING IN GREATER GASIFICATION. Contain run-off water for later recovery and treatment. Call Emergency Number on this MSDS sheet for assistance.

Section VII. Handling and Storage

PRECAUTIONS

Keep ammonia handling facilities locked. Keep storage vessels away from direct heat. Ground all equipment. Keep away from incompatible materials such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, and acids. Keep children away from ammonia storage and handling equipment.

STORAGE

Keep away from combustible materials, heat and incompatible materials, especially dry or liquid bleach. Ensure facilities are well maintained and emergency response and first aid equipment is readily available. Always ensure there is s a nearby source of water for first aid purposes and spill response. Facilities storing or handling ammonia should be equipped with an eyewash and safety shower.

Section VIII. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Workers must be trained in the safe handling and use of ammonia. Adequate, well engineered systems must be provided for storage, transfer and use. Process block valves, equipment enclosures and other isolation facilities may be necessary. Provide adequate general or local exhaust systems to maintain concentrations within exposure guidelines.

PERSONAL PROTECTION

The selection of personal protective equipment varies, depending upon conditions of use.

Respiratory Protection:
Use a NIOSH approved chemical cartridge respirator with full facepiece for ammonia concentrations up to 300 PPM. Use a positive pressure (pressure demand) SCBA for concentrations above 300 PPM, for emergency response, or for entry into unknown concentrations.

Eye Protection:
Contact lenses should not be worn when handling anhydrous ammonia. Use chemical goggles and a face shield or full facepiece air purifying or air supplied respirator.

Skin Proection:
Where chemical contact is unlikely, wear butyl rubber, nitrile, or polyvinyl chloride boots, gloves, rain jacket and pants.

PERSONAL PROTECTION IN CASE OF LARGE RELEASE

Under emergency conditions, where contact with liquid anhydrous ammonia or high concentration gas is probable, chemically resistant, gastight totally encapsulating suits with 60 minute positive pressure SCBA are required.

EXPOSURE LIMITS

TLV-TWA 25 ppm from ACGIH. Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

AIHA Emergency Response Planning Guidelines:

• ERPG-1: <25 PPM for 1 hour. Objectionable odor.
• ERPG-2: 25-200 PPM for 1 hour. Strong objectionable odor, some eye, nose and throat irritation.
• ERPG-3: 200-1000 PPM for 1 hour. Severe eye and respiratory irritation, without development of life threatening health effects.

National Academy of Sciences 1987 Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels:
Up to 24 hour continuous exposure: 100 PPM

Section IX. Physical and Chemical Properties

PHYSICAL STATE AND APPEARANCE

Colorless cryogenic liquid or gas.

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

17.03

COLOR

Colorless.

pH (10%SOLN/WATER)

12

ODOR

Ammoniacal. (Strong.)

BOILING POINT

-33.35ºC (-28ºF)

ODOR

THRESHOLD

MELTING POINT

-77.7ºC (-107.9ºF)

TASTE

Burning. (Strong.)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

Not applicable.

IONICITY (in
Water)

Not available.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY g/cc

0.63 (Water = 1)

SOLUBILITY

Easily soluble in cold water. Soluble in hot water. Partially soluble in methanol. Very slightly soluble in diethyl ether, n-octanol, acetone.

BULK DENSITY kg/m3

DISPERSION
PROPERTIES

See solubility in water, methanol.

VAPOR PRESSURE

6610mm of Hg (@ 20ºC)

WATER/OIL DIST.
COEFF.

Between 50 and 5000.

VAPOR DENSITY

0.6 (Air = 1)

VOLATILITY

100% (w/w).

Section X. Stability and Reactivity Data

STABILITY

The product is stable.

Not applicable.

CONDITION OF
INSTABILITY

No additional remark.

INCOMPATABILITY WITH VARIOUS SUBSTANCES

Extremely reactive or incompatible with acids. Highly reactive with oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Do not use copper, brass, bronze, or galvanized steel in contact with ammonia. Do not use brazed joints in ammonia service. Forms explosive compounds with many heavy metals such as mercury or silver. Reacts explosively with chlorine, hypochlorites (such as bleach or dry chlorinating chemicals) and other halogens (bromine, iodine, fluorine).

CORROSIVITY

Highly corrosive in presence of copper and its alloys. Slightly corrosive to corrosive in presence of aluminum and zinc. Very slightly corrosive in presence of mild steel. Non- corrosive in presence of glass, or stainless steel (304 or 316).

SPECIAL REMARKS ON REACTIVITY

Incompatible with halogens, aluminum, copper, brass and zinc. Incompatible with strong acids.

Corrosive to brass. Incompatible with copper alloys (stress cracking). Will corrode a wide variety of metals.

Section XI. Toxicological Information

ROUTES OF ENTRY

Inhalation. Eye contact. Skin contact.

TOXICITY TO ANIMALS

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 350 mg/kg (Rat).
Acute toxicity of the gas (LC50): 2520 ppm (Mouse.).

SPECIAL REMARKS ON
TOXICITY TO ANIMALS

Hazardous for humans or animal life. Corrosive to skin and eyes on contact. Severe over- exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death. May cause severe eye irritation.

OTHER EFFECTS ON
HUMANS

Slightly dangerous to very dangerous in case of skin contact, of eye contact, of inhalation. Material may be irritating or corrosive.

SPECIAL REMARKS ON
CHRONIC EFECTS ON
HUMANS

Exposure can cause coughing, chest pains, difficulty in breathing. Repeated significant overexposure can cause permanent lung function damage, edema and chemical pneumonitis. May cause serious damage to the eyes.

SPECIAL REMARKS ON
OTHER EFFECTS ON
HUMANS

No additional remark.

Section XII. Ecological Information

ECOTOXICITY

Hazardous for humans or animal life. Ammonia is a toxic hazard to fish. In low concentrations in water and soil, ammonia acts as a fertilizer to promote plant growth. Under aerobic conditions ammonia will oxidize to nitrate and does not accumulate in the environment. Sub-lethal concentrations in water can have adverse physiological effects on marine species. Free ammonia concentrations of 2.5 mg per litre at pH 7.4 to 8.5 are considered harmful to marine life. In water, free NH3 is considered to be the primary toxic form while the much more prevalent NH4OH form is much less harmful.

BOD and COD

Not available.

PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION

Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2…), nitrates.

TOXICITY OF THE PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION

The products of biodegradation are less toxic than the original product.

SPECIAL REMARKS ON
THE PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION

Product may degrade water quality and taste. Notify downstream water users. Will dissolve and disperse in water.

Section XIII. Disposal Considerations

WASTE DISPOSAL OR
RECYCLING

Call for assistance on treatment and disposal.

Section XIV. Transport Information

TDG CLASSIFICATION

TDG CLASS 2.4: Corrosive gas.
TDG CLASS 9.2: Environmentally hazardous material.

PIN

PIN: UN1005 PG: X

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR
TRANSPORT

Not acceptable for transport as a consumer commodity, or as a limited quantity. Not acceptable for transport in public passenger rail vehicles or by passenger ship. Transport by passenger aircraft must comply with ICAO Special Provision A1.

Transportation of anhydrous ammonia into the United States from Canada is regulated by 49CFR Part 171.12a which states:
(b): "…a hazardous material that is classed, marked, labelled, placarded, described on a shipping paper, and packaged in accordance with the Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Regulations issued by the Government of Canada may be offered for transportation and transported to or through the United States by motor vehicle or rail car."
(b)(5)(iii): Except for a package containing anhydrous ammonia, the package must be labelled and placarded with "POISON" or "POISON GAS", as appropriate,… For shipments of anhydrous ammonia, the shipping paper must contain an indication that the markings, labels, and placards have been applied in conformance with the TDG regulations and this paragraph (b)(5).

TDG (Pictograms)

Section XV. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms

OTHER REGULATIONS

OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (CEPA): This product is on the Domestic Substances List (DSL) and is acceptable for use under the provisions of CEPA.

OTHER
CLASSIFICATIONS

HCS (U.S.A) HCS CLASS: Toxic.

DSCL (EEC) 37 — Irritating to respiratory system.
42 — May cause sensitization by inhalation.
20/22 — Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.

National Fire
Protection Association
(U.S.A.) Not rated by NFPA.

DOT (U.S.A.)
(Pictograms)

DSCL (Europe)
(Pictograms)

ADR (Europe)
(Pictograms)

Validated by Environment, Health and Safety Department on 2/16/2001.

FOR FURTHER SAFETY, HEALTH,
OR ENVIRONMENTAL
INFORMATION ON THIS PRODUCT,
CONTACT

Telephone: (780) 992 7007 or

Fax: (780) 992 7514